There are several other cemeteries within historic Paris that are still in use today, and where you are likely to find any number of notable French burials.

One of these cemeteries, Batignolles, has a number of fine funerary sculptures, while Calvaire is reportedly the oldest outdoor cemetery still in existence -- but is only open one day a year (1 November, All-Souls Day).

I have listed these below with their respective arrondissement (district) in parentheses; address and nearest metro stop is also provided. (The links will take you to Philippe Landru's incredibly exhaustive website -- in French only.)

Bercy (12th), 39 rue de Charonton, Metro: Porte-de-Charonton.

Valmy (12th), 102 avenue de la Porte-de-Charonton, Metro: Porte de Charonton.

Sainte-Mande (12th), rue de General-Archinard, Metro Porte Doree.

Batignolles (17th), 8 rue Saint-Just, Metro: Porte de Clichy.

Calvaire (18th), 2 rue Mont-Cenis, Metro: Abbesses or Lamarck.

La Villette (19th), 46 rue Hautpol, Metro: Ourcq.

Belleville (20th), 40 rue du Telegraphe, Metro: Telegraphe.

Near central Paris:

American National Cemetery

These are also well-covered in Bertrand Beyern's book Guide des tombes d'hommes celebres.